ResourcesInternet glossary

What those Internet terms and acronyms actually mean

Accessibility

The level of ease with which people who have visual or physical impairments can use or access the site. The Disability Discrimination Act requires web site owners to take 'reasonable steps' to make their sites accessible. Although the Act is for the benefit of everyone, it is aimed more at Business to Consumer interaction than Business to Business

Acrobat

A document viewer from Adobe. Documents in Adobe's PDF format can be viewed, but not edited, by anyone with the free Acrobat reader (available to download from Adobe's web site). Most documents available for download from the Internet are in Acrobat's PDF format

Autoresponders

A facility that sends an email automatically in response to an email sent to you. For example, you might want to let people who send a note to your sales mailbox know that you've received it OK and will respond as soon as possible. An autoresponder set up on the sales mailbox account can do that

Bandwidth

This refers to the amount of data that can be transmitted, usually over a given period, not the line or link speed. A bandwidth limitation is often placed on web sites by the hosting company - although that limit is unlikely to be reached by the average Small Business web site

Blog	Short for web log. Blogs are on-line diaries or magazines from individuals and are used to post news, articles and opinions about anything they want to share

Bookmark

A permanent link within your browser to a selected web site. It is what Internet Explorer creates in the Favourites column or folder. By clicking on the bookmark you will be taken directly to that site without having to type in the address again (see also Favourite)

Broadband

A fast, permanent link to the Internet. Instead of having a dial-up modem that uses your normal telephone line, Broadband connections uses a special modem. This accesses a dedicated data line - usually on the same cables as your telephone line. Can be provided by phone/data companies like BT etc (ADSL/DSL) or cable companies like NTL and Telewest

Browser

The piece of software that you use to browse Internet sites. The most common browser is Internet Explorer, provided by Microsoft. Alternative browsers are Firefox, from Mozilla, and Safari

Bulletin board

Bulletin Boards are somewhere that people use to share common interests. Users can post questions, answers, comments etc and generally share opinions or information online. Usually requires registration (signup) by participants and someone to moderate what's posted (see also Forum)

Content

The words and pictures of the site - as opposed to the design and structure. This is what you (or a Copywriter) needs to provide to a Web Designer so that it projects the right image for your business

Content management

The update of the content of a site. Usually refers to larger sites with lots of content that changes regularly. The content management is usually performed by people within the business using special tools, rather than by the Web Designer

Contribute

A software tool sold by Macromedia, the people who produce Dreamweaver. Contribute allows people to navigate to a site, as though in a browser, and then make changes themselves. It can be easy to use but lack of training or infrequent use can make it more difficult

Cookie

A cookie is a small file that's placed on your PC by a web site. It allows the owners of the web site to maintain (and sometimes track) certain information on you. Usually this is totally benign and in your interests. For example, it may comprise your id and password (for easy access to their site), items you may have bought or pages you might have visited

Copy writing

The preparation of the text to be used on a web site. This is not as easy as it sounds! The text on a site is like the material in your brochures and other sales material. It needs to be written to appeal to the people viewing your site

CSS	Short for Cascading Style Sheets. Style sheets are used in web sites to help separate the appearance of the site from it's structure and content. Using style sheets it can be easy to change a font or background colour across the whole site rather than having to edit each page individually

Database-driven

In a database-driven web site most, if not all, of the content is stored as records in a database. Examples of such sites would be an on-line shop with many products or a news site (e.g. BBC) with many news stories

Domain/Domain name

This is the xxxxxxxxxxxxx.com part of a www.xxxxxxxxxxxxx.com address. The same is true for all .co.uk, .net, .info etc addresses. This name, clarihon.co.uk for example, defines an Internet site and points to a real Internet address e.g. 192.168.1.133. More than one domain name can point to the same Internet address. For example, both www.clarihon.co.uk and www.bestwebdesign.co.uk can point to the same Internet address. That internet address usually points to a web site or an area on a web server

Download

This is the process of getting one or more files from the web to a local PC. This can be from a web server or an FTP server (see FTP)

Download time

The amount of time it will take to download one or more files from the web. Also used to mean the time it will take to load a web page into your browser when viewing a web site. The page has to be downloaded to your PC before you can view it. The download time of a web page is affected by its complexity, its size, how many images it has and a number of other factors

Dreamweaver

The software program used by the many professional Web Designers to build web sites. (See also Frontpage)

Dynamic site

Many web sites are built from static, HTML pages. This means that they exist on a web server in that form and are simply downloaded to your PC when you want to view them. Dynamic pages are built from two or more sources in real time when you ask for them. They may contain some static information together with data that changes. Examples would be Yahoo's Home page or the BBC News site's front page. These pages change very often and are built from the news stories available at a certain point in time. (See also database-driven)

E-commerce

Buying and selling on the web. This might be the simple purchase of an item, signing up for a magazine subscription or paying a gas bill electronically - all done through web sites

FAQ	Frequently Asked Questions. A set of help pages detailing the most commonly asked questions. This information can make using your site much easier for people whilst saving you phone calls and e-mails

Favourite

A permanent link within your browser to a selected web site. It is what Internet Explorer creates in the Favourites column or folder. By clicking on the bookmark you will be taken directly to that site without having to type in the address again (see also Bookmark)

Firefox

A web browser, like Internet Explorer (IE), but made by Mozilla and distributed free. Firefox has less security problems than IE.

Firewall

A software or hardware barrier between your PC(s) and the Internet. Usually configured by default so that almost all outward traffic is allowed but inbound traffic is restricted to certain types (e-mail, web pages, files being downloaded etc). Good practice now states that some outbound traffic should also be blocked.

Font

The look or style (and sometimes size) of the characters by which text is formed on screen. The fonts available on your PC may not be available to everyone. Web Designers know this and have to provide the text on web pages in a common, restricted set of fonts - or risk displaying pages incorrectly on some PCs

Forwarding

The sending of a e-mail to a different destination automatically by the use of a autoforwarding facility. Often used to direct multiple mail addresses to the same mailbox

Frame

A part of a web page that is really a page within the page. A frame doesn't necessarily change when the rest of the page changes. Originally used to ensure that navigation menus appeared identically on every page. Now superceded in modern sites by other methods

Forum

Forums are somewhere that people use to share common interests. Users can post questions, answers, comments etc and generally share opinions or information online. Usually requires registration (signup) by participants and someone to moderate what's posted (see also Bulletin Board)

Freeware

Software that is distributed for free. It usually comes with a license that restricts it's use. Much Freeware is for personal use only and attracts a charge if its to be used within a commercial organisation

FrontPage

Microsoft's software for building web sites. Although more powerful these days, its still used mostly by people to develop small or personal web sites

FTP	File Transfer Protocol. This is sometimes what's used to transfer web pages and associated material to the web site on the web server. There are free FTP programs that can be downloaded

Geek

A person engrossed in his area of interest at the cost of social skills, personal hygiene and status. Although being described as a geek tends to be an insult, the term has recently become more complimentary, or even a badge of honour, within particular fields. This is particularly evident in the technical disciplines, where the term is now often a compliment, denoting extraordinary skill.

GIF	This is a type of image file used in web sites. GIF files are normally fairly small and have a limited number of colours. Logos and simple pictures are usually GIF files. More complex images are usually in JPEG format (see JPEG files)

Graphic

Another name for an image file. Encompasses any type of logo, photo, drawing etc file. Graphics can be the largest contributor to web page size and need to be used sparingly where download speed is of paramount importance

Hit

The usual name for an access to a web site or web page. Page 'hits' are the number of times that a page has been downloaded. 'Hits' can be made by browsers or by automated web search machines (see also Spiders). The definition of 'Hits' is ambiguous and is interpreted differently across the Internet

Hosting

When a web site resides on a remote server, usually owned by a professional company that does this as its business, it is 'hosted'. Many Hosting companies also offer domain names and e-mail facilities as part of a package

HTML	HyperText Markup language. The language that most web pages are built in. Professional Web Designers either program in HTML using a simple text editor or they can use a complex WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) environment such as Dreamweaver

HTTP	HyperText Transfer Protocol. This is the way that HTML pages are moved across the Internet, from an HTTP server (the web server) to an HTTP client (your browser). If you look at the FULL address of a web page in your browser you'll see it as, for example, HTTP://www.clarihon.co.uk

Hyperlink

Text or image that, when clicked on, take the reader to another page, document or site

IE	Internet Explorer, Microsoft's browser. Currently distributed free with the Windows Operating Systems but soon to become a separate product

IP address

Internet Protocol address. In the Internet world, everything has an address. Objects and locations can have names but underneath, they also have an address in the format xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx where each xxx is between 0 and 255. Domain names are translated into an address by Domain Name Servers

ISP	Internet Service Provider. ISP's provide access points onto the Internet. They are different from the phone and communication companies although they use the latter's telecommunication facilities. Examples of ISP's are Pipex, Virgin, Tiscali etc

Java	A language used to build programs or applications that link computers on the web or to provide large-scale graphical applications such as browsers, audio players and editors. Also used to write small applications often seen in web pages such as calculators

Javascript

A language used to write programs and applications that can be run from a web page in a browser. Often used to provide interaction and small-scale animation. Javascript can be turned off from within a browser, thus stopping some sites from working correctly. This might be done in an attempt to stop malicious Javascript code from being run from a visited site

JPEG	The name of the format used for some images on web sites. JPEG (or JPG) is the best format for photographs and other images with varying shades and tones

Keyword

Search Engines (Google, Yahoo, MSN etc) index web sites on the words in the text. The words (and phrases) that you want to be found by are considered to be 'keywords'. These words and phrases are also incorporated in hidden aspects of a web page that only Search Engines can see

Landing page

This is a page on your site specially constructed for a certain purpose. It maybe the address that some people will pick up because of the link they click from another site etc. It maybe a page that's specially written to be found through Search Engines by people looking for the subject of at least one aspect of your site. It's a way of funneling people to your main site pages from a number of disparate sources and searches

Link	The bridge between a piece of text, an image or a menu item, for example, and another web page or site. Clicking on a link will cause your browser to load the page identified in that link - or take you to the default page if the link is a web site address. See also Hyperlink

Link exchange

Some sites agree to exchange links. This happens where the functions or topics of the site are complimentary and the owners want to cross-refer visitors to each others sites. It also happens as a way of increasing a site's popularity with the major Search Engines (see also Link Popularity)

Link popularity

Some of the Search Engines (notably Google) are known to view a site more favourably where it has many inbound links from other, RELATED, sites. The more highly ranked those inbound sites are, the more credence given to those links and the better the ranking given to your site

Menu	The navigation system(s) used to move between pages in a web site. Menus can be static, drop down, fly out, image-based and a number of other formats and styles. The more obvious a menu's structure and content, the easier it is for users to navigate around your site - usually a primary objective

Metatag

Where a keyword is used in a special field in the hidden part of a web page, it is referred to as a Metatag. They are used by Search Engine spiders when indexing a site although their use in this way is declining

Microsite

A site within a site. The microsite can be reached by navigating within a larger site but can also be arrived at directly through it's own address or domain name. This might be used where a large site has a number of discrete sections - for example departments within a store. Some or all of the individual departments appear as areas/menu options within the large site but also have their own name and web address

Mouse-over

When a mouse is moved around a web page and an action happens when it is moved over an item on the page (a menu option changes or a dialogue box appears etc) it is called a Mouse-over event. Also known as Hover

Mozilla

The company which produces the Firefox browser. Also the name of a slightly older browser from the same group

MYSQL

A database platform and programming language found on Linux and Unix web servers. Equivalent to SQL Server from Microsoft on Windows servers. MYSQL is a Freeware application - i.e. it's free to distribute and to use

Navigation

The web site menu system (See also menu)

Nerd	(See Geek)

Nominet

All .uk domain names are controlled in the UL by a company called Nominet. They license other companies to issue all .uk domain names - including .co.uk, .com.uk, .org.uk, and so on

Opera

Another browser. This is also distributed free.

PDF	A file format used by Adobe which allows documents to be viewed but not edited. It also allows a mix of text and high quality graphics together with an easy to use page navigation system. There is a free viewer which can be downloaded from Adobe

Page ranking

The level of importance placed by Google on a given web page. The ranking goes from 0 (unranked) to 10. Very few pages ever get ranked as 10

Pay-per-click

A system of web site promotion that charges by the number of times people click on your web site link. Google's adwords facility works like this. You bid a certain amount of money per click e.g. 50p). When your advert appears on the right-hand side of a Google Search window, and someone clicks on your link, you then owe Google 50p

Photoshop

A software package commonly used to prepare photos and graphics for web sites

PHP	A programming language commonly used on dynamic web sites or where processing at the web server end is needed (e.g. for forums or intelligent form processing)

Pixels

Short for Picture Element. A pixel is the smallest element of a display screen's resolution and shows in RGB (Red, Green, Blue) colour. Common screen resolutions are 800 pixels by 600 pixels, 1024 x 768 and 1280 x 1024. Generally, the more pixels per screen, the better the picture quality will be

POP3 mail

A common type of mailbox and mail server protocol

Pop-up

A window that 'pops up' over other windows on the screen when an action triggers it. Often associated with adverts but can be used within web sites for many other purposes

Redirect

The sending of a web page request or e-mail to a different destination by use of a redirection facility. Often used to direct multiple domain names to the same web site. Also used with e-mail to send mail addressed to a virtual mailbox to a real mailbox

Resolution

Used to mean the picture quality on a monitor or screen. It means the number of pixels, or display 'dots' that make up the full screen. The higher the number of dots or pixels, the higher the image quality

Safari

Another browser, found only on Macintosh computers

Screen size

The physical dimensions of a computer display screen. The units are the same as for TVs and refer to the diagonal dimension of the screen from corner to corner. The distance may be the physical size of the tube or inner screen or the actual visible area of the screen itself

Search Engine

A suite of software components that scans the internet for web sites (see also Spiders), indexes them and their contents and then provides a search tool. Google, Yahoo and MSN are all examples

Search Engine optimisation

The process of making a web site and its pages attractive to Search Engines so as to get ranked as high as possible, and thus be found by more people (see also Search Engine ranking)

Search Engine ranking

The level of importance a Search Engine gives to a web site and its pages. The higher the ranking, the further up a search page a web site is likely to be

Secure server

A server that is used for the handling of sensitive information such as financial transactions or personal data. Secure servers give a much higher degree of protection from hacking and theft than normal web servers

Shareware

Like Freeware, software that is freely distributed. Unlike freeware, Shareware is usually meant to be purchased (at a small cost) if it's still being used after it's been trialled

Shopping cart

The component of a web site that stores details of pending purchases in an online shop. It mimics the operation of a real shopping basket or trolley in a real shop

Site Map

A web page showing the location of all pages in that web site with a brief description of what's on them

Spider

The piece of search engine software that moves between web sites gathering the contents of each page ready for indexing. Spiders follow links between pages and other web sites

SQL Server

Microsoft's database product. (See also MYSQL)

Stylesheet

The part of a modern Webster's programming code that holds the information on the appearance of the pages - as opposed to the structure and content. The stylesheet holds details like the fonts, background colours and a whole lot more

SVGA	Super VGA. Screen resolution of 800 pixels x 600 pixels

SXGA	Super XGA. Screen resolution of 1280 pixels x 1024 pixels

Tag	A marker in HTML for the different types of structural elements that make up a web page

Template

A page that is used as the basis for a number of other pages. In Dreamweaver context, it means the common part of a page that cannot be changed other than through the original template itself. Also means a web site that is sold as a partially constructed item but with a generic look and content. The site is then made into an individual web site by adding in unique graphics and text

Traffic

The passage of components of a web site across the Internet. Usually means the number of visitors to a web site but can include spiders and other web software

Upload

The transfer of files from a PC up to a web server

URL	Uniform Resource Locator (previously Universal Resource Locator). The name given to the unique address by which a web page can be referred. Usually taken to mean a web address

VGA	Screen resolution of 640 pixels x 480 pixels

VoIP(Voice over IP)

A method for making phone calls using the Internet infrastructure. Usually made from one PC to another using a pair of headphones and a microphone but becoming more common from special phones

Web design

The design and build of a web site. Determining what the web site will look like, what pages it will have and what will be on them.

Webmaster

A person who manages and updates one or more web sites

Web page

A single page within a web site

Web space

The space taken up by a web site. Usually on a remote server within a hosting company's premises

WHOIS

The scheme whereby it is possible to find out who owns and manages a web domain. By typing a domain name into the WHOIS web interface, it's possible to see who owns a site, when it was registered, through whom and it's current status

XGA	XGA. Screen resolution of 1024 pixels x 768 pixels

 

Useful links for additional help and information:

UC Berkeley Library

Matisse.net

Whatis.com